日常对话：购物与问路
学习用英语在商店购物和向陌生人问路的基本表达，掌握“Can I help you?”、“How much is it?”、“Excuse me, where is...?”等句型，能在生活中简单运用。
一、概念导入：生活中常用英语
小朋友们，你们和爸爸妈妈去超市买过东西吗？或者在学校附近迷路了，需要问路吗？今天我们来学习两个非常有用的英语对话场景——购物和问路。学会了这些，下次遇到外国小朋友或者去英语国家旅行，就可以大胆开口啦！
二、核心讲解：购物英语
1. 常见购物句型
进入商店时，店员通常会问：
- Can I help you?（需要帮忙吗？）
- 你可以回答：Yes, please. I'd like…（是的，我想要……）例如：I'd like a pencil.
- 询问价格：How much is it?（这个多少钱？）
- 付款时：Here you are.（给你。）店员会说：Thank you. 你可以回答：You're welcome.
2. 购物对话示例
对话：
Shop assistant: Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, please. I'd like a ruler. How much is it?
Shop assistant: It's 2 yuan.
Customer: Here you are.
Shop assistant: Thank you.
Customer: You're welcome.
3. 购物小贴士
- 用I'd like比“I want”更礼貌。
- 问价格时，如果是多件物品说How much are they?
- 付钱时说Here you are. 也可以说Here's the money.
三、核心讲解：问路英语
1. 常见问路句型
- 先礼貌地说：Excuse me.（打扰一下。）
- 问地点：Where is the …?（……在哪里？）例如：Where is the school?
- 回答方向：
- Go straight.（直走。）
- Turn left/right.（左转/右转。）
- It's on your left/right.（它在你的左边/右边。）
- It's next to/between/behind …（在……旁边/之间/后面。）
- 道谢：Thank you.
2. 问路对话示例
对话：
A: Excuse me. Where is the library?
B: Go straight. Turn left at the corner. It's on your right.
A: Thank you.
B: You're welcome.
四、典型例题
例题1（简单）： 补全对话。
A: Can I help you?
B: Yes, please. I'd like ___ apple. How much ___ it?
A: It's 5 yuan.
B: Here you are.
A: ______.
解答：
第一空填 an（apple 是元音开头，用 an）；第二空填 is；第三空填 Thank you。
完整对话：
A: Can I help you?
B: Yes, please. I'd like an apple. How much is it?
A: It's 5 yuan.
B: Here you are.
A: Thank you.
例题2（中等）： 根据下图（图2）回答：
Where is the library? 从“You are here”出发，如何到达图书馆？用英语写出路线。
解答：
Go straight. Turn left at the corner. Then go straight. The library is on your right.
（先直走，在拐角左转，然后直走，图书馆在你的右边。）
例题3（较难）： 你和朋友在超市，你想买一支铅笔和一块橡皮。请编一段你和收银员的对话（至少4个来回）。
解答示例：
Shop assistant: Can I help you?
You: Yes, please. I'd like a pencil and an eraser.
Shop assistant: Here you are. They are 3 yuan total.
You: How much is the pencil?
Shop assistant: 1 yuan. And the eraser is 2 yuan.
You: Here is 3 yuan.
Shop assistant: Thank you. Have a nice day!
You: You too!
注意：总价也可以直接说“3 yuan”，但题目要求问价格，所以再分别问一下。
五、常见误区
- 忘记“Excuse me”：直接问“Where is…”不礼貌，一定要先说“Excuse me”。
- 混淆 left 和 right：可以举起左手辅助记忆：左手边是 left，右手边是 right。
- 回答问路时缺少“the”：正确是“Where is the library?” 不能省略 the。
- 用“I want”代替“I'd like”：“I want”比较直接，在购物时用“I'd like”更礼貌。
- 方位介词错误：“在左边”是“on your left”，不是“at your left”。
六、学习建议
- 角色扮演：和同桌一个当店员/指路人，一个当顾客/问路人，练习对话。
- 画地图：自己画一张简易地图，用英语标出各个地方（school, park, hospital…），然后用英语互相问路。
- 看动画片：推荐英语动画片《Peppa Pig》中的购物或问路片段，模仿语音语调。
- 记住核心句型：每个场景记2-3个万能句子，比如购物时用“How much is it?”、问路用“Excuse me, where is…?”
七、知识链接
- 数字：购物时要用数字表达价格（1-100），问路时要用到序数词（first, second…）不过三年级先学会基数词即可。
- 颜色和物品：购物时可能会描述“a red pencil”，所以颜色词汇很重要。
- 礼貌用语：Thank you, You're welcome, Excuse me 在之前单元学过，这里是巩固。
- 方位介词：in, on, under, next to 等在之前学习过，现在扩展到方位短语 on your left/right。
八、习题自测
- 补全对话：
A: ________ me. Where is the hospital?
B: Go ________. Turn ________ at the corner. It's on your ________.
A: Thank you. - 根据中文意思选择正确的英文：
“这个多少钱？”
A. How many is it?
B. How much is it?
C. How old is it? - 编一段购物对话：你想买3本书和1个书包，问价格并付款。（写下来或用口头练习后写下来）
参考答案：
- Excuse me; straight; left/right (合理即可); left/right
- B
- 示例：Shop assistant: Can I help you? You: Yes, please. I'd like three books and one schoolbag. How much are they? Shop assistant: The books are 30 yuan total. The schoolbag is 50 yuan. You: Here is 80 yuan. Shop assistant: Thank you. You: You're welcome.